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Lydia Litvyak
Lydia Vladimirovna Litvyak (Лидия Владимировна Литвяк, (August 18, 1921 in Moscow – August 1, 1943 in Krasnyi Luch〔Goodpaster 2009, p. 27.〕), also known as Lydia Litviak or Lilya Litviak, was a fighter pilot in the Soviet Air Force during World War II. With at least 12 solo victories〔Jackson 2003, p. 57.〕〔Seidl 1998, p. 323.〕 and at least four〔Bergström, 2007, p. 83.〕 shared kills over a total of 66 combat missions,〔Spick 1999, p. 120.〕 over about two years of missions, she was the first female fighter pilot to shoot down an enemy plane, the first female fighter pilot to earn the title fighter ace, and the holder of the record for the greatest number of kills by a female fighter pilot. She was shot down near Orel during the Battle of Kursk as she attacked a formation of German planes.
== Early life ==
Born in Moscow, to a Jewish family〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=בטאון חיל האוויר 192 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=מעריב )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Arutch 7 )〕 Litvyak became interested in aviation at an early age. At 14 she enrolled in a flying club. She performed her first solo flight at 15, and later graduated at Kherson military flying school. She became a flight instructor at Kalinin Airclub,〔Seidl 1998, p. 134.〕 and by the time the German-Soviet war broke out, had already trained 45 pilots.〔Cottam-Selected-Biographies 1998, p. 149.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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